Electromechanical regulators
Early automobile generators and alternators had a mechanical voltage regulator using two or three relays and various resistors to stabilize the generator's output at slightly more than 6 or 12 V, independent of the engine's rpm or the varying load on the vehicle's electrical system. More modern designs use solid state technology (transistors) to do the same.
These regulators operate by controlling the field current reaching the generator (or alternator) and in this way controlling the output voltage produced by the generator.
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