TRANSFORMER PROTECTION Using SUDDEN PRESSURE RELAYS

INTRODUCTION:

Sudden pressure relays are a specialized protection device to detect transformer or reactor problems. The sudden pressure relay detects sudden changes in transformer oil or gas pressure due to internal faults. The sudden pressure relay has an inverse time characteristic. It operates faster for severe faults. The sudden pressure relay may be used in conjunction with other types of power transformer or shunt reactor protective devices. There are three types of sudden pressure relays. The Buchholz type relay is used only on transformers with conservator tanks. The Buchholz relay is mounted on the oil line between the main transformer tank and the conservator tank. The other two types of sudden pressure relays can be used with any type of transformer.

They measure changes in gas or oil pressure. A relay placed above the transformer oil measures a change in gas pressure. The relay placed below the oil measures a change in oil pressure. All of these relays are designed with equalizing pressure with the intent to prevent false operations for through faults.

The sudden pressure relay detects some types of faults which other relays such as differentials and overcurrents typically cannot detect. The sudden pressure relay can detect internal faults, such as turn to turn faults. Differential or overcurrent relays are required to detect external faults such as bushing faults, trouble outside the transformer tank, or internal faults involving ground.




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